Source: NBC News
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How to create a Japanese zen garden, according to experts Experts explain how to approach cultivating a peaceful zen garden using gravel, plants and more.
By Zoe Malin
May 24, 2021, 5:53 PM EDT
Ever since the Morikami Museum and Japanese Gardens reopened in June 2020 after the
pandemic forced it to close for a few months, the garden’s curator Heather Grzybek said the number of visitors it sees every day has been “ridiculously high.” She noted that people are looking for an outdoor area where they can spend time with friends and family, and to bring peace and serenity back into their lives, which Japanese gardens are known for facilitating. In addition to visiting Japanese gardens, Grzybek said people are also increasingly interested in creating their own gardens at home, carving out a dedicated space in their yard that promotes feeling calm.
Megumi Kato, marketing director for Portland Japanese Garden, explained that Japanese gardens are designed using specific principles and elements, and they’re distinguished from botanical gardens in that they’re not a collection of individual species. “Rather, a Japanese garden is a composition, intended to be experienced as a single work like an orchestra playing a symphony,” Kato said.
We talked to experts about what defines Japanese gardens, and got tips on how to create a zen garden, one type of Japanese garden, at home. They also recommended resources to use if you want to learn more about Japanese gardening techniques. It’s a very closely guarded cultural art form. HEATHER GRZYBEK, CURATOR, MORIKAMI MUSEUM AND JAPANESE GARDENS What are Japanese gardens?
Kato said Japanese gardens are designed to allow people to connect with nature. They create a sense of peace, harmony and tranquility. Grzybek added that Japanese gardens promote being present and mindful in the moment.
“It’s a very closely guarded cultural art form,” Grzybek said. “It’s not about knowing that this rock gets placed here. Everything is intrinsically felt from within, which can be very difficult to teach people, especially in the Western world.”
Kato said there are three principles common across Japanese gardens: stones, water and plants. Stones act as the bones of the landscape, and water is highlighted as the life-giving force. According to Grzybek, the design of Japanese gardens is what distinguishes them from typical botanical gardens, or the patch of flowers and vegetables you may be growing at home. For example, design principles of Japanese gardens include asymmetry and grouping plants in clusters of threes, fives or sevens.
Grzybek said while people can learn about Japanese gardening techniques, it's hard to tell them exactly how to create one. The meaning of the garden stems from people’s personal relationships with them, as well as their intent behind creating the garden. That’s not something that can be taught. Because of this, Grzybek said it’s easier to explain to people what a Japanese garden is not and what it should not include.
“If you just take a lantern and put it in your landscape, that doesn't make it a Japanese garden,” Grzybek said.
There are many different types of Japanese gardens, including sand and stone gardens. People commonly refer to these as zen gardens because they’re typically found in the courtyards of zen temples, according to Ayse Pogue, senior horticulturist at the Chicago Botanic Garden’s Elizabeth Hubert Malott Japanese Garden. These gardens are called karesansui gardens, which translates to dry mountain water. Pogue said rocks and gravel are used in the gardens to create an abstract scene of mountains and water.
Experts agreed that zen gardens are one of the easiest types of Japanese gardens to create at home. These simple gardens promote a meditational feeling and are centered around rock arrangements. You can use sand or gravel to fill the base of your zen garden, but experts recommended gravel over sand since sand can be messy outdoors, especially with wildlife.
“Dry gardens encourage the viewer to be fully present in the moment and experience a state of stillness, which is in contrast to a typical garden that would stimulate the senses,” Pogue said.
Designing a zen gardenGrzybek said the first step to planning a zen garden is to visit one, if you can. This allows you to familiarize yourself with what zen gardens look like and what different elements are featured in their designs. Pogue also recommended utilizing online resources like the North American Japanese Garden Association, and reading the book “Sakuteiki,” the oldest published Japanese text on gardening. Grzybek, who also recommended the book, called it “the Japanese garden Bible.” Pogue said zen gardens are typically small and enclosed, and they’re created with natural materials. The gravel in the garden usually features a border around it, and the garden is typically devoid of plants other than a small tree, fern or shrub, making them low maintenance, according to Grzybek. She said zen gardens are abstract and can represent a different feeling for everyone. Pogue noted that the garden usually does not include decorations, pots or planters. Its simple design is intentional to “move the viewer from a cluttered mind to a state of focused mind,” according to Pogue.
The specific type of gravel, plants and rocks you add to your zen garden depends on where you live, according to Grzybek. Part of Japanese gardening is using what’s available to you and what’s native to your area. Grzybek recommended keeping two ideas in mind when designing your garden: the simpler the better, and less is more.
Where will your garden be? Are you in an urban location? What will you grow? Why?
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