WHO: Ebola disease - Overview
April 24, 2025
Source: WHO
Photo / Image Source: Unsplash,
Overview
Ebola disease (EBOD) is a rare but severe illness in humans (1). It is often fatal.
Ebola disease is caused by viruses that belong to the Orthoebolavirus genus of the filoviridae family (2). Six species of Orthoebolaviruses have been identified to date, with three known to cause large outbreaks:
Ebola virus (EBOV) causing Ebola virus disease (EVD)
Sudan virus (SUDV) causing Sudan virus disease (SVD)
Bundibugyo virus (BDBV) causing Bundibugyo virus disease (BVD).
Ebola disease first occurred in 1976 in two simultaneous outbreaks: one outbreak was of Sudan virus disease in Nzara in what is now South Sudan, and the other outbreak was of Ebola virus disease in Yambuku, in what is now the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The latter occurred in a village near the Ebola River, from which the disease takes its name.
While there are licensed vaccines and therapeutics for Ebola virus disease, there is no approved vaccine or treatment for other Ebola diseases, such as SVD or BVD. Candidate products are in development.
Early intensive supportive care including rehydration and treatment of specific symptoms, can improve survival. Seeking early care can be lifesaving.
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