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What Is the Roman Calendar: Republican Calendar Adds January and February


Source: Time & Date

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The Roman calendar is the ancestor of our modern calendar. Some of its features are still in use today.





Republican Calendar Adds January and February

Months in the Republican Calendar

Month Names

Number of Days

Ianuarius

29

Februarius

28

Martius

31

Aprilis

29

Maius

31

Iunius

29

Quintilis

31

Sextilis

29

September

29

October

31

November

29

December

29

Following another calendar reform, which later Roman writers attributed to Romulus' successor, Numa Pompilius, the Republican calendar was instituted. To account for the days of winter between the years, two additional months were introduced: Ianuarius and Februarius.


This meant that some of the month names no longer agreed with their position in the calendar. For example, September means “the 7th month,” but it was now the 9th month of the year—an inconsistency that was preserved and is still part of the Gregorian calendar we use today.


A common year was now divided into 12 months of different lengths: 4 “full” months with 31 days, 7 “hollow” months with 29 days, and 1 month with 28 days.



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