There is a Sound Series, Dead Sea Scrolls: History-Rule of Mahmoud Abbas

Shidonna Raven
Oct 2
3 min read

By The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica

The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica

Last Updated: Jun 9, 2025

Source: Britannica

Article History

Photo Source: Unsplash,

History

Rule of Mahmoud Abbas under continued occupation

In 2006 parliamentary elections Fatah—the leading constituent faction within the PLO—suffered a decisive loss to Hamas, reflecting years of dissatisfaction with Fatah’s governance, which was criticized as corrupt and inefficient. The victory of Hamas, a group that was regarded by many as a terrorist organization, resulted in sanctions and boycotts from Israel, the United States, and the European Union. In 2007, with violence escalating in the Gaza Strip and the failure of a coalition government, PA president Mahmoud Abbas dissolved the Hamas-led government and established in its place an emergency cabinet favoring Fatah. The increasingly violent power struggle between Hamas and Fatah resulted in a split between the West Bank, run by Fatah through the emergency PA government, and the Gaza Strip, controlled by Hamas. Israel and other members of the international community moved to aid the West Bank, offering shows of economic and diplomatic support for Abbas and Fatah while blockading the Gaza Strip.

Abbas appointed Salam Fayyad prime minister of the emergency cabinet. During his tenure the PA pursued a neoliberal state-building agenda in the West Bank to prepare it for eventual statehood. In 2011, after years of stalled peace talks, the PA began lobbying for international recognition of statehood and started gaining partial recognition in 2012. Fayyad, however, failed to garner a wide base of support among Palestinians and resigned in 2013 as the PA was facing a financial crisis.

The 2010s were marked by continued unilateralism in the West Bank. The Fatah-dominated PA continued to work toward establishing itself as an independent government in the urban Palestinian areas of the West Bank while Israel expanded its settlement activity in the territory. By the close of the decade, many in Israel were calling for the annexation of parts of the West Bank.

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