Intellectual Property & Your Health Series - Storage and retrieval of data
- Shidonna Raven
- Jun 10
- 2 min read
Source: Britannica
Photo / Image Source: Unsplash,
Before you go to the Doctor!
Storage and retrieval of data
In bioinformatics, data banks are used to store and organize data. Many of these entities collect DNA and RNA sequences from scientific papers and genome projects. Many databases are in the hands of international consortia. For example, an advisory committee made up of members of the European Molecular Biology Laboratory Nucleotide Sequence Database (EMBL-Bank) in the United Kingdom, the DNA Data Bank of Japan (DDBJ), and GenBank of the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) in the United States oversees the International Nucleotide Sequence Database Collaboration (INSDC). To ensure that sequence data are freely available, scientific journals require that new nucleotide sequences be deposited in a publicly accessible database as a condition for publication of an article. (Similar conditions apply to nucleic acid and protein structures.) There also exist genome browsers, databases that bring together all the available genomic and molecular information about a particular species.
The major database of biological macromolecular structure is the worldwide Protein Data Bank (wwPDB), a joint effort of the Research Collaboratory for Structural Bioinformatics (RCSB) in the United States, the Protein Data Bank Europe (PDBe) at the European Bioinformatics Institute in the United Kingdom, and the Protein Data Bank Japan at Ōsaka University. The homepages of the wwPDB partners contain links to the data files themselves, to expository and tutorial material (including news items), to facilities for deposition of new entries, and to specialized search software for retrieving structures.
Information retrieval from the data archives utilizes standard tools for identification of data items by keyword; for instance, one can type “aardvark myoglobin” into Google and retrieve the molecule’s amino acid sequence. Other algorithms search data banks to detect similarities between data items. For example, a standard problem is to probe a sequence database with a gene or protein sequence of interest in order to detect entities with similar sequences.
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