Flood-associated disease outbreaks and transmission in Southeast Asia - Introduction 23
Authors: Boonfei Tan 1
Source: Frontiers
Photo/Image Source: Unsplash
Beyond the immediate surge in waterborne infections, the timing and intensity of monsoon rainfall also govern the onset of vector-borne diseases. Standing water left behind after floods provides breeding grounds for mosquitoes, with dengue and malaria risks often peaking several weeks after the initial wave of diarrheal and leptospiral cases (Chadsuthi et al., 2021; Matsushita et al., 2018; Cunha et al., 2022; Benedum et al., 2018; Wang et al., 2023). This lag creates a critical window where health systems concentrate on waterborne outbreaks, while arboviral and parasitic threats accumulate more quietly in the background. Evidence from urban and national studies across the Philippines, Thailand, and Myanmar further shows that rainfall and flooding exert short-term, non-linear, lagged effects that elevate leptospirosis risk and amplify dengue transmission, underscoring how seasonal monsoons function as a recurrent driver of multi-disease dynamics in SEA (Chadsuthi et al., 2021;
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